How to Identify Various Non-Woven Fabric Materials

1. Hand and Visual Inspection Method

This method is applicable to non-woven raw materials in a loose fiber state.

• (1) Cotton fibers are shorter and finer than ramie fibers, other hemp fibers, and wool fibers, and are often accompanied by various impurities and defects.

• (2) Hemp fibers feel relatively rough to the touch.

• (3) Wool fibers are crimped and elastic.

• (4) Silk is a filament, which is slender and has a special luster.

• (5) Among chemical fibers, only viscose fibers have a significant difference in strength between dry and wet states.

• (6) Spandex yarn has great elasticity, and its length can be stretched more than 5 times at room temperature.

2. Microscopic Observation Method

This method identifies non-woven fibers based on the morphological characteristics of the fiber's longitudinal section.

• (1) Cotton fibers:

• Cross-sectional shape: Round-waisted or medium-waisted.

• Longitudinal shape: Flat ribbon with natural twists.

• (2) Hemp (ramie, flax, jute) fibers:

• Cross-sectional shape: Circular or polygonal-waisted, with a cavity in the middle.

• Longitudinal shape: Horizontal nodes and vertical lines.

• (3) Wool fibers:

• Cross-sectional shape: Circular or approximately circular, some with a pith.

• Longitudinal shape: Surface with scales.

• (4) Rabbit hair fibers:

• Cross-sectional shape: Dumbbell-shaped with a pith.

• Longitudinal shape: Surface with scales.

• (5) Mulberry silk fibers:

• Cross-sectional shape: Irregular triangular.

• Longitudinal shape: Smooth, straight, with longitudinal stripes.

• (6) Ordinary viscose fibers:

• Cross-sectional shape: Sawtooth-shaped, with a skin-core structure.

• Longitudinal shape: Longitudinal grooves.

• (7) Polynosic fibers (high-tenacity viscose):

• Cross-sectional shape: Less sawtooth-shaped, or circular, oval.

• Longitudinal shape: Smooth surface.

• (8) Acetate fibers:

• Cross-sectional shape: Trilobal or irregular sawtooth-shaped.

• Longitudinal shape: Surface with longitudinal stripes.

• (9) Acrylic fibers:

• Cross-sectional shape: Circular, dumbbell-shaped, or leaf-shaped.

• Longitudinal shape: Smooth surface or surface with stripes.

• (10) Chlorofibers:

• Cross-sectional shape: Close to circular.

• Longitudinal shape: Smooth surface.